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- Date: Mon, 18 Jul 94 04:30:14 PDT
- From: Ham-Policy Mailing List and Newsgroup <ham-policy@ucsd.edu>
- Errors-To: Ham-Policy-Errors@UCSD.Edu
- Reply-To: Ham-Policy@UCSD.Edu
- Precedence: Bulk
- Subject: Ham-Policy Digest V94 #315
- To: Ham-Policy
-
-
- Ham-Policy Digest Mon, 18 Jul 94 Volume 94 : Issue 315
-
- Today's Topics:
- 11 meters taking it back!!
- 3rd Party Traffic?????
- Does CW as a pre-req
- Emergency TX on police freq.
- Home address or PO box on 610
- Instead of CW
- Re: CW ... My view.
- Thoughts on CW testing
-
- Send Replies or notes for publication to: <Ham-Policy@UCSD.Edu>
- Send subscription requests to: <Ham-Policy-REQUEST@UCSD.Edu>
- Problems you can't solve otherwise to brian@ucsd.edu.
-
- Archives of past issues of the Ham-Policy Digest are available
- (by FTP only) from UCSD.Edu in directory "mailarchives/ham-policy".
-
- We trust that readers are intelligent enough to realize that all text
- herein consists of personal comments and does not represent the official
- policies or positions of any party. Your mileage may vary. So there.
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- Date: 15 Jul 1994 17:15:18 GMT
- From: olivea!spool.mu.edu!news.clark.edu!netnews.nwnet.net!news.u.washington.edu!cummings@ames.arpa
- Subject: 11 meters taking it back!!
- To: ham-policy@ucsd.edu
-
- In article <304u2e$gl7@fnnews.fnal.gov>, <rmike@FNALO.FNAL.GOV> wrote:
- > I've heard some nosies made about trying to take back 11 meters,
- > if so I'm all for it because when 10 meters gets hot so will
- > 11 and that gives us DX advantage.
- > Now heres where I will probilty(sp) get in trouble,when and if we
- > ever get back 11 meters why not dedicate that section to the
- > (now lets not have any heart attacks or turning purple with rage.)
- > No-Code Techs with a power limitation of let say 200 watts or
- > even 100 watts.
- > There I've proiblity(sp)stired up a hornets nest and I will
- > get yelled at by the people who didn't have a heart attack,
-
- I'm not going to yell, but I will say I think the fact that there are about
- 8 jillion CB rigs floating around out there makes this pretty impractical.
- I don't think there's any going back on this one. Even if the FCC made 11
- meters an Amateur band by fiat, you're never going to have anything at 27
- MHz except a QRM ghetto.
-
- Besides, why take the band away from CBers? They've invested money in
- their rigs. We should have a better reason for taking their spectrum away
- than "we want it now."
-
- --
- Mike Cummings NX7E cummings@u.washington.edu
- "Like jewels in a crown, the precious stones glittered in the Queen's
- round metal hat." - Jack Handey
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Date: Sun, 17 Jul 1994 23:49:58 GMT
- From: netcomsv!netcom.com!netcom7!faunt@decwrl.dec.com
- Subject: 3rd Party Traffic?????
- To: ham-policy@ucsd.edu
-
- OK, is this pushing it? My wife, a Technician, and I, an Advanced
- (soon), are side by side in the front of the car with the TS50 between
- us. Can she make contacts outside her privileges, identifying the
- station with my callsign, and herself with her callsign? Obviously
- this is third party traffic, so those limitations apply. Something
- like her saying "this is station N6TQS, KD6HXY here" for ID sounds
- like it would be OK to me, but maybe confusing enough to be a problem.
- It'd be great for when I'm driving and she wants to talk.
- Next question: who QSLs? Her or me?
- 73, doug
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Date: 17 Jul 1994 17:25:03 GMT
- From: ihnp4.ucsd.edu!usc!cs.utexas.edu!asuvax!chnews!cmoore@network.ucsd.edu
- Subject: Does CW as a pre-req
- To: ham-policy@ucsd.edu
-
- Jeffrey Herman (jeffrey@kahuna.tmc.edu) wrote:
-
- : But Cec, we don't see half of all transportation being conducted via
- : horses. But that IS the case with CW, where about half of all QSO's
- : on HF are conducted using code.
-
- Hi again Jeff, seems like a chicken and egg thing to me. (Re: HF) If
- horses were allowed on all the roads and vehicles only on half the roads,
- there might still be a lot of horses on the roads. How about opening all
- ham frequencies to all modes and may the best mode win?
-
- : Now, what do you think of my proposal to require a tech license for
- : 11M? Expand it into the land mobile band (if possible), eliminate
- : the channel-scheme in favor of VFO, keep the current power restriction,
- : allow all HF modes. This would clean up 11M and also give the techs
- : an HF band. I'll let the rest of you decide what to do with all the
- : current users.... Of course this could never be implimented, could it?
- : Jeff NH6IL
-
- I once had an Amateur Radio Service license that covered 11m. For your
- plan to work the licensed 11m operators would need an advantage over the
- unlicensed operators... more power maybe?... SSB?... SS? One thing for
- sure, 11m was better when it was a ham band and needs cleaning up now.
-
- 73, Cecil, KG7BK
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Date: 16 Jul 1994 22:01:55 -0400
- From: news1.digex.net!digex.net!not-for-mail@uunet.uu.net
- Subject: Emergency TX on police freq.
- To: ham-policy@ucsd.edu
-
- In article <306sjg$j1d@vortex.eng.sc.rolm.com> montp@vortex.eng.sc.rolm.com writes:
-
- > >I believe that I read a of a case in So. California where this happened,
- > >if memory serve, the guy tried repeaters & cell phones and finally made
- > >the call on public safety freq's. He had his radio (license as well?)
- > >taken away, the justification was that it was not FCC type accepted for
- > >those frequencies.
- >
- > If this is the same story I heard, the ham was exonerated. Naturally
- > the police confiscated his radio, but mainly that was due to their
- > ignorance of emergency justified transmissions. If I remember right
- > after a few weeks and a call to the local mayor by an ARRL
- > representative, his radio was returned intact.
-
- This was also a case of ignorance on the part of the ham, who should have
- realized that the police can't just take your property without due process of
- law (pesky thing, that 4th amendment). My response to a 'request' from the
- police to appear at HQ with my radio would have been to appear sans radio but
- with my lawyer (who missed his last rabies shot and just *loves* cops who
- step on their crank).
-
- Education can only go so far: sometimes you have to use a 20# sledge.
-
- Frank Ney EMT-A N4ZHG LPVa NRA ILA GOA CCRTBLA 'M-O-U-S-E'
- --
- "Apparently on New Texas, killing a politician was not _malum in se_, and was
- _malum prohibitorum_ only to the extent that what the politician got was in
- excess of what he deserved."
- -H. Beam Piper, _Lone Star Planet/A Planet For Texans_
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Date: 15 Jul 1994 15:02:57 GMT
- From: lll-winken.llnl.gov!overload.lbl.gov!agate!howland.reston.ans.net!math.ohio-state.edu!news.acns.nwu.edu!kgkmac.repoc.nwu.edu!user@ames.arpa
- Subject: Home address or PO box on 610
- To: ham-policy@ucsd.edu
-
- Hi
-
- I'm fairly new to this newsgroup, having only taken my no tech test in
- late June and am in the never ending waiting mode for my license to
- arrive. My question is, do a majority of hams use PO Box's or their real
- address. I could see the concern about using real address, with the call
- sign database readily available and the amount of money some hams have
- invested in equipment.
-
- Is a PO Box the way to go, or is this not really a problem. Being new, I
- want to start off on the right track and set up correctly the first time
- by using advice from experienced people. Since I only have a couple of
- HT's currently, this is not an issue, but may expand in the future after
- taking the code test and perhaps even get some QSL cards printed up.
-
- Thanks
- Ken
-
- --
- -------------------------------------------------------- _--
- Kenneth Kalan PP ASEL ===_ / |
- Northwestern University | ___/[__ ] \___/__ |
- Prosthetics Research Laboratory |\__ _|___|_____===/
- Rehabilitation Engineering Program | \/
- kgk@nwu.edu o O
- ------------------------------------------------------------
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Date: Sun, 17 Jul 1994 13:48:15 GMT
- From: psinntp!arrl.org!zlau@uunet.uu.net
- Subject: Instead of CW
- To: ham-policy@ucsd.edu
-
- How about additional privileges for using gear you designed
- and built? Wouldn't using your homebrew transceiver be a
- good indicator of technical competance that flamers are
- looking for?
-
- At least in the 90s, it looks like EMI/RFI/TVI solving skills
- are still quite relevant for amateurs. Thus, how about hands on
- test to see how people can fix these problems?
-
-
-
- --
- Zack Lau KH6CP/1 2 way QRP WAS
- 8 States on 10 GHz
- Internet: zlau@arrl.org 10 grids on 2304 MHz
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Date: 15 Jul 1994 17:03:57 GMT
- From: ihnp4.ucsd.edu!usc!howland.reston.ans.net!europa.eng.gtefsd.com!news.msfc.nasa.gov!usenet@network.ucsd.edu
- Subject: Re: CW ... My view.
- To: ham-policy@ucsd.edu
-
- >And even more of a shame that the CW ops rely on old technology to get
- >messages thru without backing them up with modern DPS technology that
- >could continue a contact with after the CW signal drifts into the noise.
- >If all the morse ops will equip themselves with DPS technologies to
- >continue their contacts after the contact starts to fade, you might have a
- >point. As it is you are just trying to force others into 'your' favorite
- >mode. And that is, by no means, the most popular mode in use.
-
- What makes you believe that CW ops do not use modern technology to get
- their signals through better? Call it a hunch, but I bet a DSP filter
- works better with a discrete mode like CW than it does with an analog
- mode like voice (SSB) ;)
-
- Unfortunately, I still have the same problem with CW that I do on voice
- when using a DSP filter. I can hear stations that cannot hear me. I
- guess I am just going to have to run that 220V line and build that amp
- :-)
-
- ---
- Paul (Cliffy) Palmer, -.- . ....- .. -.. --.
- New Technology, Inc.
- 700 Boulevard South, Suite 401
- Huntsville, Alabama 35802
-
- Internet: palmer@Trade-Zone.msfc.nasa.gov.
- Telephone: (205) 461-4569
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Date: Sat, 16 Jul 1994 04:39:58 GMT
- From: pacbell.com!att-out!walter!dancer.cc.bellcore.com!not-for-mail@ames.arpa
- Subject: Thoughts on CW testing
- To: ham-policy@ucsd.edu
-
- In article <306t78$i9j@agate.berkeley.edu>,
- Ken A. Nishimura <kennish@kabuki.EECS.Berkeley.EDU> wrote:
- >
- >Interesting. But your argument is based on the fallicy that the technical
- >side of the current exams really do demonstrate technical excellence
- >and knowledge, and by studying for them, you promote technical education.
- >We all know that this is false.
-
- Frankly, I'm fed up with this type of empty argument...that the testing
- today doesn't foster technical excellence or interest in furthering
- ones knowledge. Becoming a ham as a teenager and passing the
- general class license theory test in 1958 certainly dovetailed
- with my becoming an electronics major in college and continueing
- in electronics as a career.
-
- >First, by having question pools, it is possible for a technically
- >incompetent but a good memorizer to pass the Extra written with
- >flying colors.
-
- There have always been "question pools"of a sort. I study in 1958
- using an AMECO license guide of questions from prior tests. So what?
- Will some people with excellent memory ability simply pass the test,
- sure, but I've met many who got through college that way to.
-
- Please suggest how YOU would improve the testing over what is done
- today. Before you do though, keep in mind that"fill in the blanks"
- questions and/or essay questions leave much room for interpretation
- in many cases. Remember to that this is a hobby, not an absolute
- commitment to a career or to becoming an "expert" in radio
- theory.
-
- I've said before, I'd encourage those questions that involve use
- of equations to not repeat the same variables so that a test
- taker must actually apply the use of the correct formula and
- calculate the answer. But other questions just don't
- lend themselves very easily to anything but multiple choice
- type questions.
-
- >Second, the material covered in the exam is mostly outmoded and
- >insufficient to demonstrate an individual's ability to
- >advance the state of radio art as it exists in the 1990s. Most extras
- >today couldn't pass a 1960s style written, when you had to go into
- >the FCC office and DRAW CIRCUITS. Can you draw a Colpitts oscillator?
- >A Hartley? A Pierce?
-
- Guess how I passed that test in 1958. I memorized the circuit
- diagrams. Guess how often I've had to rely on knowing those
- diagrams over the last 30+ years? If design interests are your thing then fine,
- if not, who cares.
-
- >Explain the differences, and why one would
- >use one over another? Can you draw an impedance matching network
- >to transform the output of an RF transistor to a resonant antenna?
- >Use a Smith Chart? How about a practical exam, say doing the RF
- >plumbing for a repeater complete with directional couplers,
- >isolators, and cavities?
-
- Guess you only want electrical enginners to become amateurs. Sorry,
- I couldn't disagree more. This is a hobby, not a carrer, BUT this
- hobby is often the front end to a career path and that is what
- this is all about, at least from my perspective.
-
- >I am not saying that these are required to be a good amateur operator,
- >but if you want to implement parallel tracks for "advancement"
- >in the amateur licensing scheme, then make it worth something.
- >A person with these (or similar) skills would be a great asset
- >to the amateur community.
-
- Seems to me we have many great assetts now and we'd have even more
- in the future if we reduced the CW emphasis (pass/fail) of the
- current testing requirements (NOTE - I didn't say eliminate all CW
- testing...I've said reduce the emphasis. How do you reduce the emphasis?
- You either lower the code speed requirements while retaining the
- separate element requiremnt OR you integrate the 10 CW questions into
- the total test score and score the combined on a 75% correct
- basis.
-
- >What stymies me to this day is why the entire 50 MHz and up spectrum
- >is given to anyone passing the Tech exam. If there is any spectrum
- >where the correlation between technical ability and ability to use
- >the bands exists, it would be in the upper frequencies. If you
- >want to promote the technical ladder, the "carrot" should be
- >slices of VHF and up segments, unless the FCC wants all of us
- >to be "appliance operators."
-
- >My 2 cents. Oh, the above is not intended to cast any
- >opinion on the CW portion of this proposal. I'm staying out
- >of that one, as usual :-)
-
- Could have fooled me :-)
-
- Standard Disclaimer- Any opinions, etc. are mine and NOT my employer's.
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------
- Bill Sohl (K2UNK) BELLCORE (Bell Communications Research, Inc.)
- Morristown, NJ email via UUCP bcr!cc!whs70
- 201-829-2879 Weekdays email via Internet whs70@cc.bellcore.com
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Date: 15 Jul 1994 23:09:01 GMT
- From: agate!spool.mu.edu!news.clark.edu!netnews.nwnet.net!news.u.washington.edu!cummings@ames.arpa
- To: ham-policy@ucsd.edu
-
- References <304u2e$gl7@fnnews.fnal.gov>, <306g76$20i@news.u.washington.edu>, <1994Jul15.205054.1463@mixcom.mixcom.com>n.edu
- Subject : Re: 11 meters taking it back!!
-
- In article <1994Jul15.205054.1463@mixcom.mixcom.com>,
- kevin jessup <kevin.jessup@mixcom.mixcom.com> wrote:
- >In <306g76$20i@news.u.washington.edu> cummings@u.washington.edu (Mike Cummings) writes:
- >
- >>In article <304u2e$gl7@fnnews.fnal.gov>, <rmike@FNALO.FNAL.GOV> wrote:
- >>> I've heard some nosies made about trying to take back 11 meters,
- >>> if so I'm all for it because when 10 meters gets hot so will
- >>> 11 and that gives us DX advantage.
- >
- >>I'm not going to yell, but I will say I think the fact that there are about
- >>8 jillion CB rigs floating around out there makes this pretty impractical.
- >>I don't think there's any going back on this one. Even if the FCC made 11
- >>meters an Amateur band by fiat, you're never going to have anything at 27
- >>MHz except a QRM ghetto.
- >
- >By a similar logic, I guess we never have to worry about
- >the FCC taking away the 2-meter ghetto either!
-
- I don't know where you get that.
-
- If the FCC wanted to get the CB band back, it'd have to make the selling of
- CBs illegal, and then wait 20 years. Also, it would be relatively easy for
- the FCC to shut repeaters down and make FM pretty unusable. THe same is
- not true for CB.
-
- I don't agree that 2m is just like CB, like so many people say. There's a
- lot of traffic there, but it's not like CB, in spite of the bad spots. In
- our area 2m is generally polite and orderly.
-
- --
- Mike Cummings NX7E cummings@u.washington.edu
- "Like jewels in a crown, the precious stones glittered in the Queen's
- round metal hat." - Jack Handey
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Date: Fri, 15 Jul 1994 16:57:42 GMT
- From: ihnp4.ucsd.edu!usc!math.ohio-state.edu!news.acns.nwu.edu!news.eecs.nwu.edu!ahab.eecs.nwu.edu!hpa@network.ucsd.edu
- To: ham-policy@ucsd.edu
-
- References <1994Jul13.210513.6384@ke4zv.atl.ga.us>, <Csx2JB.9EL@news.Hawaii.Edu>, <071594043738Rnf0.78@amcomp.com>
- Reply-To : hpa@nwu.edu (H. Peter Anvin)
- Subject : Re: Re: Does CW as a pre-req REALLY Work?
-
- This is *my* personal opinion on the CW requirement, and since this
- debate relates to U.S. rules I have set the distribution to "usa".
-
- We, as hams, do have responsibilities as well as a privilege. Two of
- those responsibilities are to provide a trained pool of radio
- operators and technicians for emergency communications and to advance
- the state of the radio art.
-
- Currently the licensing rules are heavily tilted toward the first. I
- consider CW to be an essential skill for emergency communications, but
- it for sure is not advancing the state of the radio art. In my
- opinion, the higher CW requirements should be reduced, **not lifted**,
- and the technical tests should be made significantly harder. I
- consider it to be strange that I as a high school junior in 1989 could
- pass the Advanced without ever having looked at the study material (I
- didn't even own any study material for that test) and fail the Extra
- by only one question margin (since the Extra has quite a bit of
- regulations on it I had no clue about, like space operation). On the
- other hand, why would you need to copy Morse code at 20 WPM in order
- to be the licensee of a ham satellite (a privilege for Extras only)?
- I certainly admire the people who can, but I am simply not interested
- in CW operation enough to warrant that time expenditure; I'd much
- rather spend it doing technical experimentation or learning more about
- how to design a spread-spectrum correlator or how to create
- high-performance error-correcting systems for data transmission over
- unreliable HF skywave paths.
-
- There is also an option that I think noone has considered: how about a
- two-track licensing system? One track would be the existing system
- (20 WPM Morse code + basic Smith chart theory = Extra) and another one
- which would require basic Morse code proficiency (say, 10 WPM) plus a
- *significant* engineering knowledge in order to pass the theory; it
- should not be feasible to pass without knowing how to design a working
- transceiver, radio modem or any similar device.
-
- /hpa
-
- --
- INTERNET: hpa@nwu.edu FINGER/TALK: hpa@ahab.eecs.nwu.edu
- IBM MAIL: I0050052 at IBMMAIL HAM RADIO: N9ITP or SM4TKN
- FIDONET: 1:115/511 or 1:115/512 STORMNET: 181:294/101 Allah-u-abha
- "NT is not a bad thing if I don't have to use it..." -- xmsb@borland.com
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Date: Fri, 15 Jul 1994 04:55:00 EST
- From: agate!usenet.ins.cwru.edu!wariat.org!amcomp!dan@ames.arpa
- To: ham-policy@ucsd.edu
-
- References <d3.553.126@alley.com>, <303efi$81o@news.iastate.edu>, <304reb$evv@tequesta.gate.net>n
- Subject : Re: Existing regulations
-
- optronic@gate.net (Bob Bronson) writes:
-
- >JUST ME (twp77@isuvax.iastate.edu) wrote:
- >: In article <d3.553.126@alley.com>, john.hiatt@alley.com (John Hiatt) writes:
- >: >I find a problem with this. Isn't ordering a pizza facilitating the
- >: >affairs of a business? I thought that was illegal use of a phone patch.
- >: >What am I missing here?
- >
- >: You're missing the changes to part 97. It is now legal to order a pizza by
- >: autopatch, as long as you don't do it regularly, or as long as you don't profit
- >: by the phone call.
- >
- >Looking at part 97.113, (1/93) I don't see any pizza changes. Someone
- >seeing a newer part 97 or a different interpretation?
-
- In the anouncement made by the FCC and the person at the FCC who headed
- the revision of the rules (can't remember his name see W5YI report of the
- time) used the 'pizza' example himself. If anyone is interested I will
- find and post the 4 part test that he suggested we use in determining if a
- transmission is appropriate.
-
- Dan
- --
- "Is life so dear, or peace so sweet, as to be purchased at the price
- of chains and slavery? Forbid it, Almighty God! I know not what
- course others may take, but as for me, GIVE ME LIBERTY, OR GIVE ME
- DEATH!" -Patrick Henry, Virginia House of Burgesses on March 23,1775
- =+=+=> Ted Kennedy's car has killed more people than my gun! - Me
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Date: Fri, 15 Jul 1994 04:51:00 EST
- From: agate!usenet.ins.cwru.edu!wariat.org!amcomp!dan@ames.arpa
- To: ham-policy@ucsd.edu
-
- References <CsuFws.L8u@news.Hawaii.Edu>, <071494061943Rnf0.78@amcomp.com>, <CsyDIn.238@news.Hawaii.Edu>■╝
- Subject : Re: Does CW as a pre-req
-
- jeffrey@kahuna.tmc.edu (Jeffrey Herman) writes:
-
- >(Me)
- >>(Yes a whole 38% of amateurs surveyed (by the ARRL) use CW regularly.
- >
- >I'd say that survey is a bit conservative - listen to the HF bands
- >and COUNT the actual CW vs any-other-mode QSO's.
-
- Not conservative, maybe not scientific either, just a survey.
-
- >Earlier I wrote:
- >
- >>>Now, what do you think of my proposal to require a tech license for
- >>>11M? Expand it into the land mobile band (if possible), eliminate
- >...
- >>>current users.... Of course this could never be implimented, could it?
- >
- >
- >>Of course not Jeff, as you point out the ITU requires morse send and
- >>recieve testing for operation below 30 MHZ (ARS only), since 11 is about
- >>27(?) then it too would require both send and recieve testing.
- >
- >But you've argued that Japan found a way around the ITU requirement:
- >low power and domestic communications only.
- >
- >Gee Dan, after 2 years in this debate I am finally compromising!
- >You've got 24 hours to accept my proposal or I'll withdraw it ;)
-
- Well, if you are willing to have us notify the ITU we are opting out of
- the treaty requirement for SEND AND RECIEVE testing...
-
- I would agree with anything that would give 11 meters back to the hams.
- And I have proposed this myself (I doubt it was on usenet though).
-
- Dan
- --
- "Is life so dear, or peace so sweet, as to be purchased at the price
- of chains and slavery? Forbid it, Almighty God! I know not what
- course others may take, but as for me, GIVE ME LIBERTY, OR GIVE ME
- DEATH!" -Patrick Henry, Virginia House of Burgesses on March 23,1775
- =+=+=> Ted Kennedy's car has killed more people than my gun! - Me
-
- ------------------------------
-
- Date: 15 Jul 1994 12:58:07 GMT
- From: ihnp4.ucsd.edu!dog.ee.lbl.gov!agate!howland.reston.ans.net!math.ohio-state.edu!magnus.acs.ohio-state.edu!wvhorn@network.ucsd.edu
- To: ham-policy@ucsd.edu
-
- References <Csx2JB.9EL@news.Hawaii.Edu>, <303o5f$80d@abyss.West.Sun.COM>, <CsyEz4.2MK@news.Hawaii.Edu>
- Subject : Re: Re: Does CW as a pre-req REALLY Work?
-
- In article <CsyEz4.2MK@news.Hawaii.Edu>,
- Jeffrey Herman <jeffrey@kahuna.tmc.edu> wrote:
-
- >1. Example: Tuning across 40M, CW QSOs run from 45% to 55% of all other
- >modes I hear, depending upon the time of the evening and the night of
- >the week (correlation? not sure yet.)
- >Just perform a count yourself!
- >Source: 40M and my receiver.
-
- Example: Watching the traffic at my local airport, I see that 85% - 95% of
- the traffic is multi-engined. Logically, therefore, all pilots should be
- required to be multi-engine rated before being allowed to fly.
- Source: Looking up.
-
- Works for us.
-
- ---Bill VanHorne
-
- ------------------------------
-
- End of Ham-Policy Digest V94 #315
- ******************************
-